• History and features of C
• Structure of a C program
• Setting up a development environment (IDE/Compiler)
• Writing and running the first C program
• Data types (int, float, char, double, etc.)
• Variables and constants
• Keywords and identifiers
• Input and output functions (printf, scanf)
• Typecasting and type modifiers

• Arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators
• Assignment and conditional operators (?:)
• Operator precedence and associativity
• Forming valid expressions

• Decision-making (if, if-else, nested if, switch-case)
• Loops (for, while, do-while)
• Jump statements (break, continue, goto)

• Function declaration, definition, and calling
• Passing arguments and return values
• Recursion and inline functions
• Storage classes (auto, static, extern, register)

Pointers

• Introduction to pointers and pointer arithmetic
• Pointer to variables, arrays, and strings
• Pointers and functions (pass by reference)
• Dynamic memory allocation (malloc, calloc, realloc, free)

• #include, #define, and other preprocessor directives
• Macros with arguments
• Conditional compilation (#ifdef, #ifndef, #endif)

• Single-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays
• Array and Pointer Relation
• Passing array to function
• String handling functions (strlen, strcpy, strcat, strcmp, etc.)
• Passing Strings to functions

• Defining and using structures
• Nested structures and arrays of structures
• Pointers to structures
• Introduction to unions and differences from structures

• Reading and writing files (fopen, fclose, fprintf, fscanf)
• Working with text and binary files
• File pointers and error handling in file operations

• Command-Line Arguments

  • Understanding command-line arguments (argc, argv)
  • Writing programs to process command-line input

• Memory management and optimization
• Bit manipulation techniques
• Introduction to data structures (linked lists, stacks, queues)
• Function pointers

• Error Handling

  • Types of errors (syntax, logical, runtime)
  • Debugging and handling runtime errors
  • Using errno for error reporting

• Final Project

  • Implementing a small C project (e.g., calculator, file management system, or student record system) to apply all learned concepts.